HMS Griper (1813)
HMS Griper was a Template:Sclass of the British Royal Navy, built in 1813 by Mark Williams and John Davidson at Hythe.[lower-alpha 1] She participated in the 1819 expedition to the Arctic led by William Parry, made a voyage to Greenland and Norway in 1823, and took part in Parry's third expedition in 1824 as a support ship. Her crew in 1819, 1823, or 1824, qualified for the "Arctic Medal", which the Admiralty issued in 1857.[1] She was eventually broken up in 1868.
Early career[edit | edit source]
Griper was commissioned in July 1813 under Commander Charles Mitchell. In February 1814 Commander Arthur M'Meekan replaced Mitchell. In 1817, Griper was at Chatham. She then underwent fitting as an exploration ship at Portsmouth between December 1818 and May 1819.[2]
Expedition to Northwest Passage (1819)[edit | edit source]
Lieutenant Matthew Liddon recommissioned Griper in January 1819.[2] She then sailed with William Edward Parry from London on 11 May 1819.[3] Parry commanded two 3-masted sailing ships: the 375 ton HMS Hecla and the 182 ton Griper. Their destination was the Northwest Passage.
Griper was by far the inferior of the two ships, being described as "one of these paltry Gunbrigs.....utterly unfit for this service!" (A.Parry; Parry of the Arctic ). Their departure had previously been delayed as Griper's condition was described as being "so crank as to cause apprehensions to be entertained for the safety of the officers and crew".[4] She was so slow that she had to be towed by the Hecla part of the way across the Atlantic. However, they successfully traveled further West along the Northwest Passage than any European had previously achieved. After wintering at Melville Island[3] they returned to London in November 1820, and Griper was paid off in December.[2]
Voyage to Greenland and Norway (1823)[edit | edit source]
Griper was refitted at Deptford between February and May 1823. Under the command of Captain Douglas Clavering, she conducted a voyage to Greenland and Spitzbergen, conveying astronomer Edward Sabine who took observations on behalf of the Board of Longitude.[5] A further note to this voyage occurred on an island later named Clavering Island, where, in August, the expedition made the first and only European contact with the now extinct North Greenland Inuit.[6]
Northwest Passage expedition (1824)[edit | edit source]
Between January and June 1824, Griper was refitted for Parry's third Northwest Passage expedition. She was commissioned under Captain George Lyon and on 16 June 1824 she sailed for Hudson Bay,[2] and Wager Bay in support of Hecla and Template:HMS. Gripper departed on 3 July 1824,[7] and proceeded in company with the survey vessel Snap. On this occasion, she was carrying a land component of men.[8]
On 19 October 1824, Lyon encountered whaler Template:Ship, under the command of Captain Valentine. Valentine informed Lyon of the ice conditions and weather, which had resulted in a weak whaling season (Achilles had taken only two whales), and blocked much of Hudson's Strait. Achilles was homeward bound so Lyon sent duplicate dispatches with her.[9]
Griper returned to London and was paid off in December 1824.[2]
Fate[edit | edit source]
Griper was fitted for the Coast Blockade service at Portsmouth between August and December 1825. She then joined the Coast Guard at Blackwall.[2] She later also served at Sussex.
Griper was at Portsmouth between 1827 and 1830, and at Chichester between 1831 and 1860. She served as a target for gunnery experiments in Portsmouth in 1856, and was used to test armour plate in 1862. She was broken up in November 1868.[10]
Notes[edit | edit source]
- ↑ The Bold class were a revival of Sir William Rule's Template:Sclass design of 1804.
Citations[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Template:London Gazette
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Winfield (2008), p. 347.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 The Times (London), Monday, 4 December 1820, p.3
- ↑ The Times (London), Friday, 30 April 1819, p.3
- ↑ The Times (London), Saturday, 20 December 1823, p.2
- ↑ Exploration history of East Greenland Archived 14 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ The Times (London), Thursday, 22 July 1824, p.2
- ↑ The Times (London), Saturday, 17 January 1824, p.2
- ↑ Lyon (1825), pp. 139–140.
- ↑ Winfield (2014), p. 80.
References[edit | edit source]
- An Officer Of The Expedition (1821). Letters Written During The Late Voyage Of Discovery In The Western Arctic Sea. London: Sir Richard Phillips And Co. ISBN 9780665391415. Retrieved 15 August 2009.
- Lyon, G.F. (1825). A Brief Narrative Of An Unsuccessful Attempt To Reach Repulse Bay, Through Sir Thomas Rowe's "Welcome" In His Majesty's Ship Griper, In The Year MDCCCXXIV. London: Sir Richard Phillips And Co. Retrieved 15 August 2009.
- Winfield, Rif (2008). British Warships in the Age of Sail 1793–1817: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates. Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-86176-246-7.
- Winfield, Rif (2014). British Warships in the Age of Sail 1817–1863: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates. Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84832-169-4.
External links[edit | edit source]
- HMS Griper Logbook at Dartmouth College Library
Template:Royal Navy Arctic exploration Template:Polar exploration