Continuity of Government: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|Principle of emergency government}} | <!--{{short description|Principle of emergency government}}--> | ||
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2025}} | {{Use mdy dates|date=May 2025}} | ||
{{Multiple issues|{{more footnotes needed|date=October 2013}}}} | {{Multiple issues|{{more footnotes needed|date=October 2013}}}} | ||
{{nuclear weapons}} | {{Wikipedia fork|date=18 May 2025}}<!--{{nuclear weapons}}--> | ||
'''Continuity of government''' ('''COG'''), commonly referred to in public policy documents as '''Continuity of Operations''' ('''COOP'''), is the principle of establishing defined procedures, protocols, [[executive order]]s, [[Presidential Emergency Action Document]]s (PEADs), hardened [[Deep Underground Military Base|underground installations]], secure [[redundant communications|communications grids]], and pre-cleared continuity personnel that together ensure a [[government]] can continue its essential operations in case of a catastrophic event such as [[Nuclear warfare|nuclear war]] or any event that disables the visible [[United States federal government|federal government]].<ref name="Graff17">{{cite book |last=Graff |first=Garrett M. |title=Raven Rock: The Story of the U.S. Government’s Secret Plan to Save Itself—While the Rest of Us Die |publisher=Simon & Schuster |year=2017 |isbn=9781476735405 |pages=3–15}}</ref> | '''Continuity of government''' ('''COG'''), commonly referred to in public policy documents as '''Continuity of Operations''' ('''COOP'''), is the principle of establishing defined procedures, protocols, [[executive order]]s, [[Presidential Emergency Action Document]]s (PEADs), hardened [[Deep Underground Military Base|underground installations]], secure [[redundant communications|communications grids]], and pre-cleared continuity personnel that together ensure a [[government]] can continue its essential operations in case of a catastrophic event such as [[Nuclear warfare|nuclear war]] or any event that disables the visible [[United States federal government|federal government]].<ref name="Graff17">{{cite book |last=Graff |first=Garrett M. |title=Raven Rock: The Story of the U.S. Government’s Secret Plan to Save Itself—While the Rest of Us Die |publisher=Simon & Schuster |year=2017 |isbn=9781476735405 |pages=3–15}}</ref> | ||
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== History == | == History == | ||
=== Early evolution in the United States === | === Early evolution in the United States === | ||
Formal continuity planning in the United States began under President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]], who ordered construction of dispersed “alternate seats of government” such as [[Mount Weather Emergency Operations Center|Mount Weather]], the [[Raven Rock Mountain Complex]] (Site R), and the [[Cheyenne Mountain Complex]].<ref name="Graff17"/> [[National Security Decision Directive 55]] (1982) and [[Executive Order 12656]] (1988) assigned every federal agency an emergency mission and pre-delegated lines of succession.<ref>{{cite web |title=Executive Order 12656 – Assignment of Emergency Preparedness Responsibilities |url=https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/codification/executive-order/12656.html |publisher=National Archives |date=1988-11-18 |access-date=2025-05-18}}</ref> | Formal continuity planning in the United States began under President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]], who ordered construction of dispersed “alternate seats of government” such as [[Mount Weather Emergency Operations Center|Mount Weather]], the [[Raven Rock Mountain Complex]] (Site R), and the [[Cheyenne Mountain Complex]].<ref name="Graff17"/> [[National Security Decision Directive 55]] (1982) and [[Executive Order 12656]] (1988) assigned every federal agency an emergency mission and pre-delegated lines of succession.<ref>{{cite web |title=Executive Order 12656 – Assignment of Emergency Preparedness Responsibilities |url=https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/codification/executive-order/12656.html |publisher=National Archives |date=1988-11-18 |access-date=2025-05-18}}</ref> | ||
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=== United States === | === United States === | ||
'''Continuity of government''' ('''COG''')—commonly referred to in public policy documents as '''Continuity of Operations''' ('''COOP''')—is the integrated network of [[classified]] protocols, [[executive order]]s, [[Presidential Emergency Action Document]]s (PEADs), hardened [[Deep Underground Military Base|underground installations]], secure [[redundant communications|communications grids]], and pre-cleared continuity personnel that together ensure the United States can be governed after any event that disables the visible [[United States federal government|federal government]].<ref name="Graff17"/> | '''Continuity of government''' ('''COG''')—commonly referred to in public policy documents as '''Continuity of Operations''' ('''COOP''')—is the integrated network of [[classified]] protocols, [[executive order]]s, [[Presidential Emergency Action Document]]s (PEADs), hardened [[Deep Underground Military Base|underground installations]], secure [[redundant communications|communications grids]], and pre-cleared continuity personnel that together ensure the United States can be governed after any event that disables the visible [[United States federal government|federal government]].<ref name="Graff17"/><!--[FIRMAMENT 》 Firmamentum]--><!--F6 SCS Collect every Terrorist Immediately. COMMUNITY HUMINT TAKE CONTROL, Stop all forms of [[psychotronic devices in gang-stalking|electronic warfare]] on personnel.!!!--> | ||
;Early history | ;Early history |