Editing Taymyr (1909 icebreaker)

{{Short description|Steam-powered icebreaker}}
{{about|the non-nuclear icebreaker|the nuclear-powered icebreaker of the same name|Taymyr (1987 icebreaker)|other icebreakers|Taymyr (icebreaker)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}

{|{{Infobox ship begin}} <!-- commercial vessels -->
|+''Taymyr''
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=Taimyr and Vaigach 1913.JPG
|Ship caption=''Taymyr'' and ''Vaygach'' coaling from a freighter at [[Providence Bay, Siberia|Emma Harbor]], 1913
}}
{{Infobox ship career
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|Ship country=[[Soviet Union]]
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|Soviet Russia|naval}} {{shipboxflag|Soviet Union|naval}}
|Ship namesake=[[Taymyr Peninsula]]
|Ship owner=*[[Russian Imperial Navy]] [[Soviet Navy]]
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|Ship builder=[[Sredne-Nevsky Shipyard|Nevsky Shipyard]] in [[Saint Petersburg]]
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|Ship launched=1909
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|Ship out of service= 1950s
|Ship identification=
|Ship fate=Scrapped
|Ship notes=
|Ship badge=[[Image:Taymyr-vaygach.PNG|100px|A Russian Imperial badge commemorating the successful arctic expedition of icebreakers ''Taymyr'' and ''Vaygach''.]]
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
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|Ship class=
|Ship type=[[Icebreaker]]
|Ship tonnage=1,200 tons
|Ship displacement=1,349 tons
|Ship length={{cvt|60|m|ftin}}
|Ship beam={{cvt|11.9|m|ftin}}
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'''''Taymyr''''' was an [[Icebreaker|icebreaking steamer]] of 1,200 tons built for the [[Russian Imperial Navy]] at [[Saint Petersburg]] in 1909. It was named after the [[Taymyr Peninsula]].

''Taymyr'' and her sister ship {{ship||Vaygach|1909 icebreaker|2}} were built for the purpose of thoroughly exploring the uncharted areas of the [[Northern Sea Route]]. This venture became known as the [[Arctic Ocean Hydrographic Expedition]].

==Surveys==
The first of a series of surveys began in the autumn of 1910, when ''Taymyr'' and ''Vaygach'' left [[Vladivostok]]. They entered the [[Chukchi Sea]] with scientists on board and began their exploration. For the next five years, these icebreakers went on sounding and carrying on vital surveys during the thaw. Before every winter, when ice conditions became too bad, they returned to Vladivostok and waited for the spring. In 1911 the scientists and crew aboard ''Vaygach'' and ''Taymyr'' made the first Russian landing on [[Wrangel Island]].

In 1914, [[Boris Vilkitsky]] was both the captain of ''Taymyr'' and the leader of the Arctic Ocean Hydrographic Expedition. The purpose of the icebreakers ''Taymyr'' and ''Vaygach'' was to force the whole Northern Passage in order to reach [[Archangelsk]]. Severe weather and ice conditions, however, didn't allow them to cross the [[Kara Sea]] and they were forced to winter at [[Bukhta Dika]], close to the [[Firnley Islands]]. Thus the sister icebreakers were able to complete the passage only in 1915. They were warmly welcomed in Archangelsk upon their arrival.

Some of the biggest successes of the expedition were the accurate charting of the Northern Sea Route and the discovery of [[Severnaya Zemlya]] in 1913. ''Taymyr'' and ''Vaygach'' were considered the best icebreakers in the world at the time.{{by whom|date=July 2013}}

The first scientific [[Soviet and Russian manned drifting ice stations|drifting ice station]] in the world, [[North Pole-1]] was established on 21 May 1937 some {{convert|20|km}} from the North Pole by the expedition into the high latitudes Sever-1, led by [[Otto Schmidt]]. NP-1 operated for nine months, during which the ice floe passed {{convert|2850|km}}. On 19 February 1938, ''Taimyr'', along with {{ship||Murman|icebreaker|2}} took off four polar explorers from the station, who immediately became famous in the USSR and were awarded titles [[Hero of the Soviet Union]].

==Nuclear vessels==
A nuclear icebreaker as well as a class of nuclear-powered river icebreakers was named {{ship||Taymyr|1987 icebreaker|2}} in 1988.

==See also==
* [[Russian Hydrographic Service]]

==References==
* {{cite journal |last=Barr |first=William |author-link=William Barr (Arctic historian) |title=Otto Sverdrup to the Rescue of the Russian Imperial Navy |url=http://arctic.synergiesprairies.ca/arctic/index.php/arctic/article/view/2848/2825 |journal=[[Arctic (journal)|Arctic]] |volume=27 |issue=1 |date=1974|doi=10.14430/arctic2848 }}
* {{cite journal |last=Barr |first=William |author-link=William Barr (Arctic historian) |author-mask=2 |title=The last Journey of Peter Tessem and Paul Knutsen |url=http://arctic.synergiesprairies.ca/arctic/index.php/arctic/article/view/2286/2263 |journal=[[Arctic (journal)|Arctic]] |volume=36 |issue=4 |date=December 1983 |doi=10.14430/arctic2286 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814223540/http://arctic.synergiesprairies.ca/arctic/index.php/arctic/article/view/2286/2263 |archive-date=14 August 2014 }} 
* {{cite book |last=Niven |first=Jennifer |title=The Ice Master, The Doomed 1913 Voyage of the Karluk |url=https://archive.org/details/icemasterdoomed100nive |location=New York |publisher=Hyperion |date=2001 |isbn=9780786884469}}

==External links==
* {{cite journal |last=Kuksin |first=I.Ye. |title=The Arctic Ocean hydrographic expedition 1910-1915 |journal=[[Polar Geography]] |volume=15 |issue=4 |date=October 1991 |pages=299–309 |doi=10.1080/10889379109377467 |type=abstract }}
* {{cite journal |last=Barr |first=William |author-link=William Barr (Arctic historian) |title=A Tsarist attempt at opening the northern sea route: The arctic ocean hydrographic expedition, 1910-1915 |url=http://epic.awi.de/28048/1/Polarforsch1975_1_6.pdf |location=Bremerhaven |journal=Polarforschung |volume=45 |issue=1 |publisher=Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research |pages=51–64}}
{{Clear}}

{{Polar exploration|state=collapsed}}

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[[Category:Icebreakers of Russia]]
[[Category:Icebreakers of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Arctic exploration vessels]]
[[Category:Chukchi Sea]]
[[Category:Kara Sea]]