Editing Nellis Air Force Base Complex

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{{For|federal transfers of lands in this complex, e.g., acquisitions, transfers, return of leased land, and [[Formerly Used Defense Sites|FUDS]] designations|Nevada Test and Training Range#History}}
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| name              = Nellis Air Force Base Complex
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| photo_caption     = {{sic|"[[Nellis Air Force Range]]"}}, [[Tonopah Bombing Range (FUDS)]], and other federal lands (the [[Tonopah Test Range]]/Area 52, the [[Red Mountain (Nevada)|Red Mountain]] VORTAC site, and the Regional Training Complex are not demarcated).
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The '''Nellis Air Force Base Complex'''{{r|Wagner}} (Nellis AFB complex,{{r|USACE2010}}<!--p. 2-1-->{{r|Huntley}}<!--p. 5-2--> NAFB Complex{{r|Wagner}}) is the southern Nevada military region of [[Federal government of the United States|federal]] facilities and lands, e.g., currently and formerly used for military and associated testing and training such as [[United States Atomic Energy Commission|Atomic Energy Commission]] atmospheric [[nuclear detonation]]s of the [[Cold War]]. The largest land area of the complex is the [[Nevada Test and Training Range]], and numerous [[Formerly Used Defense Sites]] remain federal lands of the complex. Most of the facilities are controlled by the [[United States Air Force]] and/or the [[Bureau of Land Management]], and many of the controlling units are based at [[Creech Air Force Base|Creech]] and [[Nellis Air Force Base]]s (e.g., [[98th Southern Range Support Squadron|98th SRSS for NTTR's southern range]]). Initiated by a 1939 military reconnaissance for a bombing range,{{r|Futrell}} federal acquisition began in 1940, and [[Nellis Air Force Base#McCarran Field|McCarran Field]] became the [[World War II]] training area's 1st of 3 [[Nevada World War II Army Airfields]] ([[cf.]] [[Indian Springs Army Airfield|Indian Springs]] & [[Tonopah Army Airfield|Tonopah]]) and 10 auxiliary fields. The area's [[79th Air Base Group|first military unit]] was initially headquartered in the [[Las Vegas Federal Building]] while the WWII [[Las Vegas Army Airfield]] buildings were constructed.

==Geography==
The complex is primarily within the [[Great Basin section|Great Basin physiographic section]], and the [[White River (Nevada)|White River]] portion east of the [[Great Basin Divide]] is in the [[Colorado River]] Watershed. Ecology is primarily [[Tonopah Basin]] surrounding elevated areas (Foothills/Uplands & High Valleys/Mid-Slope Woodland & Brushland) and 6 [[Tonopah Playa]]s in [[Antelope Lake (Nevada)|Antelope Lake's]] valley, [[Cactus Flat]], [[Groom Lake Valley]], southern [[Railroad Valley]], [[Sand Springs Valley]], and the northwest NTTR corner.{{r|Bryce}} The southern part of the complex in the [[Mojave Desert]] ecoregion is mostly [[Creosote Bush-Dominated Basins]] and [[Arid Footslopes]] ([[Jackass Flats]] is in the [[Amargosa Desert]] ecoregion.){{r|Bryce}} The complex includes 2 [[Central Basin and Range ecoregion|Salt Deserts]]—in the Coal Valley which has 3 sites of the "ADA activity area" (110E, 110F, & 110G) and in [[Dry Lake Valley]] (site 103 along the [[Burnt Springs Range]]).{{r|Huntley}} The highest ecoregion is in the [[Tonopah Bombing Range (FUDS)]] which includes a [[Central Nevada Bald Mountains]] ecoregion{{r|Bryce}} in the [[Kawich Range]]—the southern Bald Mountains are within the NTTR between the TTR & Wildhorse Management Area. The Logistic Supply Area of the ADA activity area is near [[Pahranagat National Wildlife Refuge|the only Wetland ecoregion]] of the [[Tonopah Basin]]—in the [[Pahrangat Valley]] near both the Mojave ecotone and the northeast corner of the DNWR.{{r|Huntley}}

Traversing the complex is the mid-1800s [[Utah Territory|Utah]] & [[New Mexico Territory|New Mexico Territories']] dividing line ([[37th parallel north]]), and the area was used for the [[Silver mining in Nevada#Tonopah district|1900–1921 silver rush]] (e.g., [[Tonopah Mining District]]{{r|Spurr}} & Tonopah [[Manhattan, Nevada|Manhattan]] Stage Route)<ref>{{Cite gnis |864176|Tonopah Manhattan Stage Route (864176) |accessdate=2013-06-30}}</ref> The region of mining claims was grouped into numbered geographic areas (e.g., [[Area 2 (Nevada National Security Site)|Area 2]], [[Frenchman Flat|Area 5]], [[Area 11 (Nevada Test Site)|Area 11]], [[Area 12 (Nevada National Security Site)|Area 12]], [[Area 25 (Nevada National Security Site)|Area 25]], [[Area 27 (Nevada National Security Site)|Area 27]], [[Tonopah Test Range|Area 52]]) which are used for current names, e.g., "Area 3 Compound"{{r|TTRCASs}} and "Groom Lake Field" ("[[Area 51]]" [[colloquialism|colloq.]]).<ref name=Pearse>{{Cite book |last=Pearse |first=Steve |date=August 22, 2011 |title=Set Your Phaser to Stun |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Gg6Yha6LJWUC&q=%22Nellis+Air+Force+Gunnery+and+Bombing+Range%22&pg=PA360 |publisher=[[Xlibris Corporation]] |access-date=2013-02-10 |isbn=9781465343369 }}</ref>{{Self-published inline|certain=yes|date=December 2017}} The 1941-9 demarcation between the [[Tonopah Bombing Range (FUDS)|Tonopah]] & [[Las Vegas Bombing and Gunnery Range]]s ([[Parallel 36°30′ north]]) is generally along the serpentine [[Creosote Bush]] [[ecotone]] between the [[Central Basin and Range ecoregion]] and "Mojavian flora".{{r|Bryce}}

===Airspace===
The '''Nellis managed airspace''' {{r|Huntley}}{{rp|4–13}} associated with the complex is more than {{Convert|12700|sqmi|km2|abbr=on}},{{r|USACE2010}} is the responsibility of the "[[US Air Force Virtual]] (USAFv), A3", and "is composed of the Desert [[Military Operations Area|MOA]], with overlying [[Air Traffic Control Assigned Airspace]] (ATCAA), Reveille North and South MOA and ATCAA, [and] Restricted Areas":<ref>{{Citation |type=Letter of Agreement |title=Control and Use Procedures for Nevada Test and Training Range Complex }}</ref>
* Desert MOA: "subdivided into Sally Corridor, Elgin, Caliente, and Coyote training areas."
* [[Reveille Range|Reveille]] Airspace:<ref>USAF (U.S. Air Force). USAF, 2002. Final Environmental Assessment: Changes in Reveille Airspace at NTTR. Table 3.2-1.</ref> North and South MOA
* Restricted Areas (joint use airspace): R-4806 East/West, R-4809 and R-4807 A/B "subdivided as follows: Alamo A, B, & C, Areas 61, 62B & C, 63, 64A, B, C, & D, 65N, 65S, 71N, 71S, 74A, 74B, 74C, 75E, 75W, 76, 76A, Tolicha, Pahute A & B, ECE, ECW, ECS and Cactus EC."
* "R-4808N and portions of R-4808S are non-joint use restricted areas."
The former [[Oil Burner]]/Olive Branch route ("OB-10-Hawthorne") for [[Strategic Air Command]] low-level bomber flights scored by the [[Hawthorne Bomb Plot]] extended from a "point west of [[Elko, Nevada]], running southwest to [[Mina, Nevada]]" at flight level "FL130-140"<ref>{{Dead link |date=May 2013}}{{Cite report |year=c. 1970 |title=Proposed IAO/DTE Resource Availability |url=http://www.corpsfuds.com/reports/other/J08UT1001HistoricalDoc19.pdf |access-date=2013-04-18 |quote=OB-10-Hawthorne: A point west of Elko, Nevada, running southwest to Nuna, Nevada FL130-140) }}{{dead link|date=February 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> (the [[Tonopah Test Range|TTR sites for "SAC Targets 1 and 2"]]<ref name=CAU408>{{Cite report |date=September 2010 |title=Closure Report for Corrective Action Unit 408: Bomblet Target Area Tonopah Test Range (TTR), Nevada |url=http://www.osti.gov/bridge/servlets/purl/990672-FRuPMd/990672.pdf |volume=DOE/NV--1409 |publisher=Nevada Environmental Restoration Project |access-date=2013-05-19 |quote=SAC I & II Targets contained forty-five (45) 100m x 100m grids.... The boundary for the SAC Target locations encompassed an area of approximately 72 acres}}</ref> are at [[Antelope Lake (Nevada)|Antelope Lake]].)<ref name=TTRCASs>{{Cite report |title=Tonopah Test Range...Corrective Action Sites |volume=DOE/NV/25946--1036 |quote=CAS TA-55-002-TAB2 (Bomblet Target Areas) consists of six separate locations [that] include Mid Target, [[BLU-63]] area, [[Strategic Air Command|SAC]] Target, South [[Antelope Lake (Nevada)|Antelope Lake]], and [[Tomahawk (missile family)|Tomahawk]] Targets 1 and 2 ... CAS RG-52-007-TAML ([[Davis Gun]] Penetrator Test) consists of Davis Gun testing locations on [[Antelope Lake (Nevada)|Antelope]], [[Brownes Lake|Brownes]], [[Pedro Lake|Pedro]], and [[Main Lake]]s, and [[Antelope Tuff]] 1, Antelope Tuff 2, [[Sidewinder Tuff]], [[Myers Ridge]], and [[Mount Helen (Nevada)|Mt Helen]] (Nellis Range 75). The only location with land use restrictions is [[Antelope Lake (Nevada)|Antelope Lake]].}} (for SAC Targets 1 and 2, see '''DOE/NV--1409''')</ref>

===Wildlife areas===
The Nevada Division of Wildlife's [[Key Pittman]] Wildlife Management Area has a [[National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]] weather station, and Wilderness Areas include the "[[Worthington Mountains]], [[Weepah Springs]], [[Big Rocks]], [and] Ash Springs Wildlife Area". Lands for federal protection of natural resources include:{{r|Huntley}}
*  [[Desert National Wildlife Refuge Complex]]
** [[Desert National Wildlife Refuge]]: "established to preserve habitat for the [[desert bighorn sheep]], and is managed by the USFWS as a unit of the Desert National Wildlife Refuge Complex".
** [[Amargosa Pupfish Station]]
** [[Ash Springs Public Rock Art Site]]: petroglyphs and semi-circular rock alignments south of [[Ash Springs]] and managed by the BLM
** [[Moapa Valley National Wildlife Refuge]]
** [[Pahranagat National Wildlife Refuge]]: migratory bird habitat south of [[Alamo, Nevada|Alamo]] along [[U.S. Route 93 in Nevada]]
* [[Leviathan Cave Geologic Area]]:. [[Leviathon Cave]] tunnels and chambers for spelunkers and geologists on the east side of the [[Worthington Mountain Range]] and administered by the BLM
* [[White River Narrows Archaeological District]]: cultural artifacts such as petroglyphs on SR-318 north of [[Hiko, Nevada|Hiko]] and managed by the BLM
* [[Railroad Valley Wildlife Management Area]]<ref>{{Cite gnis |862837|Railroad Valley Wildlife Management Area (862837)|accessdate=2013-07-03}}</ref>
Military operations "when a [[desert tortoise|tortoise]] is found in harms way" are suspended until it has been removed by an authorized biologist (e.g., dispatched by the Nellis AFB Natural Resources Manager), nesting surveys are conducted prior to military exercises for species protected under the [[Migratory Bird Treaty Act]], and the BLM & USFS provide protections under the [[Wild Free-Roaming Horse and Burro Act]].{{r|Huntley}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Public lands managed by the federal government in southern Nevada by size
|-
! Area {{align|right| [[Formerly Used Defense Sites|FUDS #]] }}
! Location (landforms, etc.)
! Facilities/sites
! Agency
! Years
! Size
|-
| [[Nevada Test and Training Range]]—shares ~{{Convert|1276|sqmi|abbr=on}} of the Southern Range with the DNWR
| '''Northern Range''':<br />'''Southern Range''': southern [[Tikaboo Valley]], Dogbone Dry Lake in Range 62,{{r|Biblioteca}}
| Northern: [[Tolicha Peak Electronic Combat Range|Tolich Peak ECR]], [[Tonopah Electronic Combat Range|Tonopah ECR]]<br />Southern: [[Point Bravo Electronic Combat Range|Point Bravo ECR]], [[Dogbone Lake Gunnery and Bombing Range|Dogbone Lake G&BR]],{{r|Biblioteca}} [[Groom Lake Field]] in [[Area 51]]
| [[Nevada Test and Training Range (military unit)|USAF]]
| 1942–present
| {{Convert|4531|sqmi|abbr=on}} <!--"occupies 2.9 million acres of land"-->
|-
| [[Nevada National Security Site]]<br />•includes [[Camp Desert Rock]] FUDS of {{Convert|23058|acre|abbr=on}}<ref>Fall 2012 On Point ''Camp Desert Rock, Nevada'': "Immediately after Operation Plumbbob's Galileo shot on 7 October 1957, the camp reverted to standby status, with a small caretaker staff remaining at the post. After the suspension of aboveground testing in 1957, the camp ceased operation as an Army subinstallation effective 18 June 1964. Many of the camp's structures were moved to other parts of the NTS. The AEC resurfaced and enlarged the Desert Rock airstrip in 1969, extending the runway to a length of 7,500 feet. Although this airstrip was originally built to serve the NTS, it is currently an emergency landing site for any aircraft. Later additions included a National Weather Service facility and a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Surface Radiation (SURFRAD) station."</ref>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;J09NV0276
| [[Frenchman Flat]], [[Jackass Flats]], [[Yucca Flat]], Rainer & [[Pahute Mesa]]s,
| 10 heliports, 2 "wild horse units ... Unit 252 [&] Unit 253",{{r|Wagner}} [[Pahute Mesa Airstrip]] (Area 18), [[Desert Rock Airport]] (Area 20), "[[Yucca Lake]] UAV testing facility", "[[Yucca Mountain Underground Facility]]",<ref name=Biblioteca>{{Cite web |title=Military Air Chart of the Nellis Ranges |url=http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/vida_alien/esp_hall02c.htm |publisher=BibliotecaPleyades.net |access-date=2013-06-25}}</ref> [[:File:NTS - Big Explosives Experimental Facility.jpg|Big Explosives Experimental Facility]] (Area 4), [[:File:Device Assembly Facility.jpg|Criticality Experiments Facility]] (Area 6), [[Mercury, Nevada|former Base Camp Mercury]]
| [[United States Department of Energy|DOE]]
| 1951–present
| ~{{Convert|1355|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
| [[Desert National Wildlife Refuge]] land east of the NTTR
|
| FUDS: Former [[Nellis Air Force Range|NAFR]] Areas B-G,{{r|Silkebakken}} e.g., Area F of {{Convert|47481.50|acre|abbr=on}}<ref name=GlobalSecurity>{{Cite web |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/facility/indian-springs.htm |title=Creech Air Force Base |publisher=GlobalSecurity.org |access-date=2013-06-16 |quote=In 1976, the USAF relinquished primary control of what is now Area F to the Department of Interior, Bureau of Land Management and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. This land is now part of the Desert National Wildlife Reserve.}}</ref>
| USFWS
| 1936–present
| <!--2524 sq mi - ~1,276 sq mi colocated with NTTR=-->{{Convert|1248|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
| [[Tonopah Bombing Range (FUDS)]]* {{align|right|J09NV1114}}
| [[Stone Cabin Valley|Stone Cabin]], [[Hot Creek Valley|Hot Creek]], [[Railroad Valley|Railroad]], [[Tikaboo Valley|Tikaboo]], and [[Sand Springs Valley|Sand Springs]] valleys ("60 miles east of [[Tonopah, Nevada|Tonopah]]")
| [[USFWS National Wildlife Refuge]] of ~{{Convert|22.25|sqmi|abbr=on}} at the [[Kawich Range]], [[Rachel, Nevada|Rachel community]] (Sand Springs Valley), [[Area 51]] viewing areas (Tonopah Uplands along Tikaboo Valley)
| BLM{{r|Final}}
| 1942–19xx<br />(FUDS: 1999)
| ~{{Convert|311040|acre|abbr=on}}<ref>{{Cite report |date=September 1999 |title=Site Survey Summary Sheet: Tonopah Bombing Range |type=part of Aug 2001 Archives Search Report |publisher=[[Techlaw, Inc.]] |quote=approximately 311,040 acres, more or less}}<br />{{Cite report |last=Kocher |first=Gregg |date=14 May 2001 |title=Site Safety and Health Plan |type=part of Aug 2001 Archives Search Report |publisher=[[U. S. Army Corps of Engineers]]}}</ref>
|-
| Tonopah Rifle Range {{align|right|J09NV0970}}<br /><small>{{nowrap| [[Tonopah Army Airfield]] Practice Bombing Ranges* J09NV1112<ref name=J09NV1112>{{Cite report |title=Inventory Project Report: Tonopah Army Airfield Practice Bombing Ranges |type=DERP - FUDS SiteNo. J09NV1112 |date=March 1999 |publisher=United States Army Corps of Engineers}}</ref>}}</small>
|<br />"Sand {{sic|Spring}}-Tikaboo Valleys"<ref>{{Cite report |date=September 1999 |title=Final Inventory Project Report, Tonopah Bombing Range |series=Project Number - J09NV1114 |publisher=USACE Sacramento District |quote=Squadron Histories K-SQ-Test-4201 -HI Tonopah Test Range, 1976 ... Training Histories 224.95 1 -1 West Coast Air Corps Training Center, October 1941 ... (with map) of Las Vegas AAF and includes Tonopah range}}</ref>
|
|
|<br />1941-tbd
|
|-
| Area A {{align|right| J09NV1103}}
| north and northeast of NTTR
| former ranges 46-56 "returned to public domain" by 1941 [[Executive order (United States)|EO9019]] and 1957 EO10355
| BLM
|
| ~{{Convert|1107|sqmi|abbr=on}}{{r|EO9019}}
|-
| [[Tonopah Test Range]]
| "Cactus and Gold Flats, Kawich Valley, Goldfield Hills, and the Stonewall Mountains",{{r|Wagner}} [[Cactus Flat]], [[Antelope Lake Valley]]
| [[Tonopah Test Range Airport]] (Cactus Flat), Operations Control Center (Area 3), Area 10 airfield/strip, [[Mellan Airstrip]] (37°41′16″N 116°37′50″W),
| [[United States Department of Energy|DOE]]
| 1957–present
| ~{{Convert|280|sqmi|abbr=on}}{{r|Wagner}}
|-
| [[Humboldt National Forest]]
| "Total Acreage" includes "217,086" acres not federally-owned<ref name=LAR2011>http://www.fs.fed.us/land/staff/lar/LAR2011/LAR2011_Book_A5.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref>
|
|
|
| {{Convert|2618165|acre|abbr=on}}{{r|LAR2011}}
|-
| [[List of landforms of the Nellis & Wildlife 5 Ranges region#National Wildhorse Management Area|Wildhorse Management Area]]
| bordered on 3 sides by the NTTR Northern Range and on the north, Tonopah Bombing Range (FUDS)
|
| BLM{{r|Wagner}}
|
|
|-
| [[Nellis Air Force Base]]
| [[Las Vegas Valley]] (northeast corner) adjacent to [[North Las Vegas]]
| Area I: Airport, "Nellis Control", [[Red Flag exercise|Suter Hall]]<br />Area II: former [[Lake Mead Base]] {{align|right| J09NV0442 }}<br />Area III: Armory, family housing
| USAF
| 1941-6, 1947–present
| {{Convert |17.7|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
| Nellis Small Arms Range Complex
| [[Las Vegas Valley]] & [[Mojave Desert|Mojave Arid Footslopes]] of Sheep Mountain, "north of the main base of Nellis AFB" and adjacent to "World War II Gunnery Range (FUDS)" on west and north
| active area: {{Convert|6957|acre|abbr=on}}<br />inactive ([[Munitions response area|MRA]] MU732): {{Convert|<!--3982|acre-->6.2|sqmi|abbr=on}}
| USAF<br />[[To be determined|tbd]]
| 1941–present<br />1941-65{{r|USACE2010}}
| {{Convert|17.1|sqmi|abbr=on}}
|-
| [[Tonopah Air Force Base]] {{align|right|J09NV0969}}
|
|
| BLM
| 1942–195x
| {{Convert |7228.23|acres|abbr=on}}{{r|Final}}
|-
| [[Creech Air Force Base]]
| adjacent to [[Indian Springs, Nevada]] and FUDS J09NV0399 ([[Indian Springs Air Force Auxiliary Field|Indian Springs AFAF]] land designated a FUDS by 2002)<ref name=TableC3>{{Cite report |at=Table C-3 |url=http://www.denix.osd.mil/arc/upload/App-C-3.pdf |title=Satus of Installations With Response Completed |publisher=Defense Environmental Restoration Program (OSD) |access-date=2013-06-22 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017092439/https://www.denix.osd.mil/arc/upload/App-C-3.pdf |archive-date=2012-10-17 }}</ref>
| [[Joint Unmanned Aerial Systems Center of Excellence]]<br />UAV-Logistic and Training Facility
| USAF
| 1942-5, {{nowrap| 1948–present}}
| {{Convert|2300|acre|abbr=on}}{{r|GlobalSecurity}}
|-
| [[Nevada Test and Training Range|Patriot "Radar/Communications activity area"]] ("[[Air Defense Artillery|ADA]] activity area"), part of eastern DNWR
| Coal V (sites 110E*, F*, G), [[Delamar Valley|Delamar V]] (102, 108), [[Dry Lake Valley|Dry Lake V]] (103), [[Pahranagat Valley|Pahranagat V]] (LSA), [[Sand Springs Valley|Sand Springs V]] (112C, E, F, G, H, I), [[Six Mile Flat]] (109),
| Logistics Support Area (LSA) at [[Alamo Airfield]] & 13 sites each {{Convert|500|x|500|ft|abbr=on}}<br /><br />*in "wild horse Herd Management Areas (HMA){{r|Huntley}}
| BLM{{r|Huntley}}{{rp|1-1}}
| 2008–present
| {{Convert|74.1|acre|abbr=on}}{{r|Huntley}}+
|-
| [[Las Vegas Air Force Station]] {{align|right|J09NV0445}}<br />[[Lathrop Wells, Nevada|Lathrop Wells]] radar site<br />[[Red Mountain (Nevada)|Red Mountain]] VORTAC site<br />[[Ground Equipment Facility|FAA radar facility]] (former [[Tonopah AFS]])<br />Former [[Ground Air Transmit Receive|GATR]] & [[P-35 radar|Soviet radar]] site
| {{nowrap| Portion is leased to Nellis AFB{{Citation needed|reason=This claim is from the Las Vegas AFS wikiarticle.|date=June 2013}}}}<br />west of Indian Springs<br />near [[Boulder City, Nevada]]<br />{{Coord|38|03|06|N|117|13|32|W}} in [[Esmeralda County|Esmeralda Co.]]<br />{{Coord|38|08|37|N|117|11|57|W}} "near the former" [[Tonopah Air Force Station|TAFS]]
| Former [[Phoenix Air Defense Sector|Phoenix ADS]] radar site<br />Former [[Phoenix Air Defense Sector|Phoenix ADS]] radar site<br />Former [[Phoenix Air Defense Sector|Phoenix ADS]] radar site<br />2 radar platforms at former [[Reno Air Defense Sector|Reno ADS]] site<br />Former Reno ADS site
|[[Federal Aviation Administration|FAA]]<br />FAA<br />USAF
| 1956-69<br /><br /><br />1956-70<br />
|
|-
| [[Regional Training Complex]] ([[Silver Flag Alpha]] facility)
| ~15 miles south of Indian Springs on [[U.S. Route 95 in Nevada|US95]]<ref>{{Cite web |format=fact sheet |date=July 12, 2012 |title=99th Ground Combat Training Squadron - "Silver Flag Alpha" |url=http://www.nellis.af.mil/library/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=19649 |publisher=Nellis AFB public affairs |access-date=2013-06-16 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130303183921/http://www.nellis.af.mil/library/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=19649 |archive-date=March 3, 2013 }}</ref>
| 12 small arms ranges, [[Military Operations in Urban Terrain|MOUT]] village, bare base tent city, maneuver area
| USAF|
|
|-
| Tonopah (TPH) [[VORTAC]]
| {{Coord|38|01|50.321|N|117|02|00.627|W|notes=<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.myaviationinfo.com/NavaidData.php?NavaidIdentifier=TPH |title=TPH: Tonopah VORTAC Navigation Facility &#124; MyAviationInfo.com |website=www.myaviationinfo.com |access-date=2 February 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130706162432/http://www.myaviationinfo.com/NavaidData.php?NavaidIdentifier=TPH |archive-date=6 July 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>}} near Nye County's [[Tonopah Airport]] ({{Coord|38|03|37|N|117|05|12|W}})
|
| FAA
|
|
|-
| [[Hawthorne Bomb Plot]]
| [[Babbitt, Nevada]] ([[Mineral County, Nevada|Mineral County]])
| former "[[:Category:United States automatic tracking radar stations|USAF Radar Station]]" for [[Radar Bomb Scoring|RBS]]
| USAF<br />US Navy
| 1962–1985<br />1993
|
|-
| [[Delamar Dry Lake]] Test Annex {{align|right| J09NV0023 }}
| [[Delamar Valley]]
|
|
|
|
|-
| Sunrise Mountain Machine Gun Range&nbsp;&nbsp;{{align|right|J09NV0639}}
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| "[[North Las Vegas]] Station" near Nellis AFB<br />"[[Key Pittman Wildlife Management Area|Key Pittman WMA]] station"
| {{Convert|4.19|in|abbr=on}} average precipcipitation/year<br /><!--"general area" of the ADA activity area: -->{{Convert|7.94|in|abbr=on}} "
| Climatology monitoring sites (weather stations){{r|Huntley}}{{rp|3-1}}
| [[National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]
| 1951–present<br />1964–present
|
|}

==History==
The original 1940 area named [[Tonopah Bombing Range (FUDS)|Tonopah Bombing Range]] was split during WWII and 1 of the 2 subdivisions was named [[Tonopah Bombing and Gunnery Range]] in 1947. In 1999 a different area was named a FUDS with the original name--"[[Tonopah Bombing Range (FUDS)|Tonopah Bombing Range" (J09NV1114)]]—and the different FUDS J09NV1112 was given a new name --"Tonopah Army Airfield Practice Bombing Ranges"—by 1999.{{r|J09NV1112}}

==Notes==
{{Reflist |refs=

<ref name=Bryce>Bryce, S.A., Woods, A.J., Morefield, J.D., Omernik, J.M., McKay, T.R., Brackley, G.K., Hall, R.K., Higgins, D.K., McMorran, D.C., Vargas, K.E., Petersen, E.B., Zamudio, D.C., and Comstock, J.A., 2003, ''Ecoregions of Nevada'' (color poster with map, descriptive text, summary tables, and photographs): Reston, Virginia, U.S. Geological Survey (map scale 1:1,350,000).</ref>

<ref name=EO9019>{{Citation |year=1942 |title=Executive Order 9019}}{{Full citation needed|date=February 2013}} '''NOTE''': EO9019 returned ~{{Convert|937730|acre|sqmi|abbr=on}} of the Las Vegas General Range to the [[Department of the Interior]] and by 1953, ~{{Convert|154584|acre|sqmi|abbr=on}} of the former Tonopah General Range were relinquished. "These two tracts of land comprise Area A, approximately 708,621 acres ... in Lincoln and Nye Counties north and northeast of the present-day boundaries of the Nellis Air Force Range ... the majority of the area is used for wildlife conservation and is controlled by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM).... The remainder of the land is owned by various private landowners ... The majority of Area A is still used today as a [[Military Operations Area]] (MOA) for flyovers by the pilots from Nellis Air Force Base ... and is not part of ... Nellis Air Force Range." (GlobalSecurity.org webpage)</ref>

<ref name=Final>{{Cite report |title=Archives Search Report: Findings (Tonopah Bombing Range) |quote=The general location of the site lies within relatively flat area, with numerous intermittent drains running through the site area and dry lakes. Several mountain ranges ([[Reveille Range|Reveille]] and [[Kawich Range|Kawich]]) and valleys ([[Stone Cabin Valley|Stone Cabin]], [[Hot Creek Valley|Hot Creek]], [[Railroad Valley|Railroad]], [[Tikaboo Valley|Tikaboo]], and [[Sand Springs Valley|Sand Spring]]) are identified throughout the site area. Located to the south and southwest of the site location is Tonopah Test Range<sup>[page 4-13]</sup> The site has the Kawech Range on the west, the [[Timpahute Range]] and the [[Worthington Mountains]] on the east, the [[Belted Range|Belted]] and [[Papoose Range]]s to the south, and the Reveille Range to the northwest [and] is part of the Sand Spring-Tikaboo Valleys ... the Tonopah Army Air Force Bombing Range site drains down from the mountains {{sic|towards valley floor.}} ... On 14 January 1941, by virtue of Executive Order Number 8636, the War Department withdrew an additional 7,338.23 acres in Nevada for use as an aviation base.<sup>[p. 5-1]</sup> ... Currently, the majority of the original Tonopah Bombing Range property is owned by the Bureau of Land Management and is open to the public.}}<sup>[p. 5-2]</sup></ref>

<ref name=Futrell>{{Cite report |last=Futrell |first=Robert F. |publisher=Air Historical Office |date=July 1947 |title=Development of AAF Base Facilities in the United States: 1939–1945 |volume=ARS-69: US Air Force Historical Study No 69 (Copy No. 2) }}</ref>

<ref name=Huntley>{{Cite report |last=Huntley |first=Chris, Proj. Mgr. |date=August 2008 |title=...Patriot Communications Exercises in Lincoln County, Nevada |url=http://www.nellis.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-080404-038.pdf |format=Final Environmental Assessment |volume=AFD-081006-078 |publisher=Aspen Environmental Group |access-date=2013-02-06 |page=5-2 |quote=Plant communities in this region are characterized by Mojave Desert Scrub and Great Basin Desert Scrub biomes (Brown, 1994).... Great Basin Desert Scrub evolved from both cold-temperate and warm-temperate vegetation and is characterized by communities dominated by sagebrush (Artemisia spp.), shadscale (A. confertifolia), or winterfat ([[Krascheninnikovia lanata]]) (Brown, 1994). Blackbrush ([[Coleogyne ramosissima]]), greasewood ([[Sarcobatus vermiculatus]]), black sage (A. nova), and rabbitbrush (Chrysothamnus spp.) are also common and are often co-dominant or present in many Great Basin plant communities.<sup>[p. 3-5]</sup> ... The baseline Nellis AFB complex emission summary for the Nellis area and the NTTR, which includes Lincoln County, is given in Table 5-2. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130304014049/http://www.nellis.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-080404-038.pdf |archive-date=2013-03-04 }}</ref>

<ref name=Silkebakken>{{Cite report |last1=Silkebakken |first1=Don |last2=Kelley |first2=Laura (Project Managers) |title=Programmatic Work Plan for Southwest IMA Region | date=February 2010 |edition=Revision No. 2, "Revised Final" version |publisher=Parsons |series=FUDS Military Munitions Response Program }}</ref>

<ref name=Spurr>{{Cite book |last=Spurr |first=Josiah Edward |year=1905 |title=Geology of the Tonopah Mining District, Nevada |url=https://archive.org/details/geologyoftonopah00spurrich |format=Internet Archive abstract |publisher=GPO |access-date=2013-02-07 |quote=''The writer has previously described the Great Basin region as forming part of a great petrographic province, and later it has been shown that this province extends into Mexico, and may reach much farther northeast and southwest.... In April, 1900, James L. Butler ... on Mizpah Hill, he broke off specimens [valued] from $50 to $600 per ton in silver and gold.... Until the present season (1904) ... the fronts of many of the Basin ranges are bordered by a continuous apron of debris sloping down into the center of the valley.... The greatest of the earth's oceans [[Pacific Rim|is rimmed by the greatest of the earth's volcanic belts. This "circle of fire,"...'']]}}-- Included U.S. Geological Survey "Professional Paper No. 42" maps are Plate III (pp. 28-9 mining claim map) & Plate XVI (pp. 116-7 geologic map with streets and buildings).</ref>

<ref name=USACE2010>{{Cite report|date=June 2010|title=Comprehensive Site Evaluation Phase II|url=http://www.nellis.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-100621-030.pdf|access-date=2013-06-08|quote=''The Las Vegas Valley (the Valley) is a bowl-shaped basin surrounded by rugged mountain ranges. The entire hydrographic basin is 1,600 square miles. The western edge of the Valley is approximately 5 miles west of Lake Mead, which is an impoundment on the Colorado River. The Valley occupies a structural basin in the Basin and Range Province of the northern Mojave Desert, and most shallow groundwater and all surface flows are transported to Lake Mead via the Las Vegas Wash.... The total land area occupied by Nellis AFB and its restricted ranges is more than 5,000 square miles. An additional 7,700 square miles of airspace north and east of the restricted ranges also are available for military flight operations.... Table 2-1 Former Ranges and Impact Areas.... The Small Arms Range Ordnance Ejection Site OT-39, now known as OT-37, located in the active portion of the Nellis Small Arms Range ... MU732 is currently inactive and considered a closed range but is accessed by authorized installation personnel, authorized contractors and visitors, and trespassers.''|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130303231607/http://www.nellis.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-100621-030.pdf|archive-date=2013-03-03}} (small arms annex areas on p. 5-1)</ref>

<ref name=Wagner>{{Cite report |editor=Wagner, Katrina |date=September 2004 |title=2003 Annual Site Environmental Report, Tonopah Test Range |url=http://prod.sandia.gov/techlib/access-control.cgi/2004/042812.pdf |publisher=Sandia National Laboratories |access-date=2013-02-04 }}</ref>
}}

[[Category:Military installations in Nevada]]
[[Category:Installations of the United States Air Force in Nevada]]
[[Category:Lists of United States military installations]]
[[Category:1940 establishments in Nevada]]