Editing HMS Griper (1813)

{{short description|19th-century British Royal Navy ship}}
{{Other ships|HMS Griper}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2016}}
{{Use British English|date=December 2016}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=The Crews of H.M.S. Hecla & Griper Cutting Into Winter Harbour, Sept. 26th, 1819.jpg
|Ship caption=''The Crews of HMS Hecla & Griper Cutting into Winter Harbour, Sept. 26th, 1819'', from the 1821 journal of the Arctic expedition
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=
|Ship country=[[United Kingdom|United&nbsp;Kingdom]]
|Ship flag=[[File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|60px|Royal Navy Ensign]]
|Ship name=HMS ''Griper''
|Ship ordered=2 November 1812
|Ship awarded=
|Ship builder=Richards & Davidson, [[Hythe, Hampshire]]
|Ship launched=14 July 1813
|Ship captured=
|Ship fate=Broken up November 1868
|Ship notes=
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption={{sfnp|Winfield|2008|p=347}}
|Ship class={{sclass|Bold|gun-brig}}
|Ship tons burthen=181{{small|{{frac|60|94}}}} [[Builder's Old Measurement|bm]]
|Ship length=*{{convert|84|ft|1|in|m|abbr=on}} (overall)
*{{convert|70|ft|0+1/4|in|m|abbr=on}} (keel)
|Ship beam={{convert|22|ft|1|in|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship draught=
|Ship hold depth={{convert|11|ft|0+1/4|in|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship sail plan=[[Brig]]
|Ship complement=60
|Ship armament=10 × 18-pounder [[carronade]]s + 2 × 6-pounder [[chase gun|bow chasers]]
|Ship notes=
}}
|}

'''HMS ''Griper''''' was a {{sclass|Bold|gun-brig}} of the British [[Royal Navy]], built in 1813 by Mark Williams and John Davidson at [[Hythe, Hampshire|Hythe]].{{efn|The ''Bold'' class were a revival of Sir William Rule's {{sclass|Confounder|gun-brig}} design of 1804.}} She participated in the 1819 expedition to the Arctic led by [[William Edward Parry|William Parry]], made a voyage to Greenland and Norway in 1823, and took part in Parry's third expedition in 1824 as a support ship. Her crew in 1819, 1823, or 1824, qualified for the "[[Polar Medal|Arctic Medal]]", which the Admiralty issued in 1857.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=21997|page=1580|date=5 May 1857}}</ref> She was eventually broken up in 1868.

==Early career==
''Griper'' was commissioned in July 1813 under Commander Charles Mitchell. In February 1814 Commander Arthur M'Meekan replaced Mitchell. In 1817, ''Griper'' was at Chatham. She then underwent fitting as an exploration ship at Portsmouth between December 1818 and May 1819.{{sfnp|Winfield|2008|p=347}}

==Expedition to Northwest Passage (1819)==
Lieutenant Matthew Liddon recommissioned ''Griper'' in January 1819.{{sfnp|Winfield|2008|p=347}} She then sailed with [[William Edward Parry]] from London on 11 May 1819.<ref name="Times">''[[The Times]] (London)'', Monday, 4 December 1820, p.3</ref> Parry commanded two 3-masted sailing ships: the 375 ton [[HMS Hecla (1815)|HMS ''Hecla'']] and the 182 ton ''Griper''. Their destination was the [[Northwest Passage]].

''Griper'' was by far the inferior of the two ships, being described as "one of these paltry Gunbrigs.....utterly unfit for this service!" (A.Parry; ''Parry of the Arctic'' ). Their departure had previously been delayed as ''Griper''{{'}}s condition was described as being "so crank as to cause apprehensions to be entertained for the safety of the officers and crew".<ref>''[[The Times]] (London)'', Friday, 30 April 1819, p.3</ref> She was so slow that she had to be towed by the ''Hecla'' part of the way across the [[Atlantic]]. However, they successfully traveled further West along the [[Northwest Passage]] than any European had previously achieved. After wintering at [[Melville Island (Northwest Territories and Nunavut)|Melville Island]]<ref name="Times"/> they returned to London in November 1820, and ''Griper'' was paid off in December.{{sfnp|Winfield|2008|p=347}}

==Voyage to Greenland and Norway (1823)==
''Griper'' was refitted at Deptford between February and May 1823. Under the command of [[Douglas Clavering|Captain Douglas Clavering]], she conducted a voyage to [[Greenland]] and [[Spitzbergen]], conveying astronomer [[Edward Sabine]] who took observations on behalf of the [[Board of Longitude]].<ref>''[[The Times]] (London)'', Saturday, 20 December 1823, p.2</ref> A further note to this voyage occurred on an island later named [[Clavering Island]], where, in August, the expedition made the first and only European contact with the now extinct North Greenland [[Inuit]].<ref>[http://www.eastgreenland.com/filer/2005-01_Exploration_history_East_Greenland.pdf Exploration history of East Greenland] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214062029/http://www.eastgreenland.com/filer/2005-01_Exploration_history_East_Greenland.pdf |date=14 February 2012 }}</ref>

==Northwest Passage expedition (1824)==
[[File:Situation of hms griper on Sept 1, 1824.jpg|''Situation of HMS Griper, Sept 1, 1824''|thumb|left]]
Between January and June 1824, ''Griper'' was refitted for Parry's third Northwest Passage expedition. She was commissioned under Captain George Lyon and on 16 June 1824 she sailed for [[Hudson Bay]],{{sfnp|Winfield|2008|p=347}} and [[Wager Bay]] in support of ''Hecla'' and {{HMS|Fury|1814|2}}. ''Gripper'' departed on 3 July 1824,<ref>''[[The Times]] (London)'', Thursday, 22 July 1824, p.2</ref> and proceeded in company with the survey vessel ''Snap''. On this occasion, she was carrying a land component of men.<ref>''[[The Times]] (London)'', Saturday, 17 January 1824, p.2</ref>

On 19 October 1824, Lyon encountered whaler {{ship||Achilles|1813|2}}, under the command of Captain Valentine. Valentine informed Lyon of the ice conditions and weather, which had resulted in a weak whaling season (''Achilles'' had taken only two whales), and blocked much of Hudson's Strait. ''Achilles'' was homeward bound so Lyon sent duplicate dispatches with her.{{sfnp|Lyon|1825|pp=139–140}}

''Griper'' returned to London and was paid off in December 1824.{{sfnp|Winfield|2008|p=347}}

==Fate==
''Griper'' was fitted for the Coast Blockade service at Portsmouth between August and December 1825. She then joined the Coast Guard at Blackwall.{{sfnp|Winfield|2008|p=347}} She later also served at Sussex.

''Griper'' was at Portsmouth between 1827 and 1830, and at Chichester between 1831 and 1860. She served as a target for gunnery experiments in Portsmouth in 1856, and was used to test armour plate in 1862. She was broken up in November 1868.{{sfnp|Winfield|2014|p=80}}

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}
==Citations==
{{Reflist}}
==References==
*{{cite book |title=Letters Written During The Late Voyage Of Discovery In The Western Arctic Sea |last=An Officer Of The Expedition |year=1821 |publisher=Sir Richard Phillips And Co. |location=London |isbn=9780665391415 |url=https://archive.org/details/cihm_39141 |access-date=2009-08-15}}
*{{cite book |title=A Brief Narrative Of An Unsuccessful Attempt To Reach Repulse Bay, Through Sir Thomas Rowe's "Welcome" In His Majesty's Ship Griper, In The Year MDCCCXXIV. |last=Lyon |first=G.F. |year=1825 |publisher=Sir Richard Phillips And Co. |location=London |url=https://archive.org/details/abriefnarrative01lyongoog |access-date=2009-08-15}}
* {{cite book |first=Rif|last=Winfield|title=British Warships in the Age of Sail 1793–1817: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates|publisher=Seaforth Publishing|year=2008|isbn=978-1-86176-246-7}}
* {{cite book |first=Rif|last=Winfield|title=British Warships in the Age of Sail 1817–1863: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates|publisher=Seaforth Publishing|year=2014|isbn=978-1-84832-169-4}}

==External links==
* [https://archives-manuscripts.dartmouth.edu/repositories/2/resources/2269 HMS Griper Logbook] at Dartmouth College Library

{{Royal Navy Arctic exploration}}
{{Polar exploration|state=collapsed}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Griper (1813)}}
[[Category:Brigs of the Royal Navy]]
[[Category:Arctic exploration vessels]]
[[Category:Exploration ships of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:1813 ships]]