Editing Spirit possession (section)

=== Judaism ===
{{anchor|Shedim}}{{anchor|Dybbuk}}
{{main|Shedim|Shade (mythology)|Dybbuk}}
Although forbidden in the [[Hebrew Bible]], magic was widely practiced in the late [[Second Temple Period]] and well documented in the period following the destruction of the Temple into the 3rd, 4th, and 5th centuries C.E.{{sfnp|Bohak|2008|p={{page needed|date=November 2020}}}}{{sfnp|Wahlen|2004|p=19}} [[Jewish magical papyri]] were inscriptions on [[amulets]], [[ostraca]] and [[incantation bowls]] used in Jewish magical practices against ''shedim'' and other [[unclean spirit]]s. According to the ''Catholic Encyclopedia'', Jewish methods of exorcism were described in the [[Book of Tobit|Book of Tobias]].<ref name="CathEncy|wstitle=Exorcism">{{CathEncy|wstitle=Exorcism}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{cite web|url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/demons-and-demonology|title=Demons and demonology|date=2008|website=Jewish Virtual Library|access-date=November 20, 2019}}</ref>

In the [[16th century]], [[Isaac Luria]], a Jewish [[Mysticism|mystic]], wrote about the [[Transmigration of a soul|transmigration of souls]] seeking perfection. His disciples took his idea a step further, creating the idea of a ''dybbuk'', a soul inhabiting a victim until it had accomplished its task or atoned for its sin.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/dybbuk-Jewish-folklore|title=Dybbuk|website=Encyclopaedia Britannica|access-date=November 20, 2019}}</ref> The ''dybbuk'' appears in Jewish folklore and literature, as well as in chronicles of Jewish life.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/dibbuk-dybbuk|title=Dybbuk|website=Jewish Virtual Library|access-date=November 21, 2019}}</ref> In [[Jewish folklore]], a ''dybbuk'' is a disembodied spirit that wanders restlessly until it inhabits the body of a living person. The [[Baal Shem]] could expel a harmful ''dybbuk'' through [[exorcism]].<ref>{{Cite web| title=Dybbuk| url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/174964/dybbuk| website=Encyclopædia Britannica Online| access-date=10 June 2009}}</ref>

Possession-trance and [[adorcism]] are also engaged with by some Jews. Notably, Ethiopian Jewish women may participate in [[zār]], and Tuisinian Jewish women have a practice called Stambali.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last1=Somer |first1=Eli |last2=Saadon |first2=Meir |date=December 2000 |title=Stambali: Dissociative Possession and Trance in a Tunisian Healing Dance |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/136346150003700406 |journal=Transcultural Psychiatry |language=en |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=580–600 |doi=10.1177/136346150003700406 |issn=1363-4615}}</ref>

Stambali uses incense, music (traditionally performed by Black musicians from fraternal orders), dance, animal sacrifice, and large spreads of food to induce trance and to appease jinn which may be afflicting someone, and ceremonies may be regularly repeated by that person. Stambali is also sometimes done preventatively as part of wedding, bnei mitzvah, and housewarming festivities to ward away the evil eye. The afflictions of jinn may simply be buildups of emotional stress or more serious illness. During trance, the jinn enter the body, and the participants do not remember what occurred during trance afterwards. If a particular person has needed a Stambali ceremony organized, the jinn afflicting them will be asked what it wants as it possesses them. Usually requests involve clothes and an animal for sacrifice. The atmosphere is festive, and participants wear bright clothes and henna. Aside from musicians, the participants are all women. The dances and lyrics are improvised. Those seen as particularly susceptible to jinn affliction are the victims and perpetrators of aggression, those who are frightened, and those who may have the evil eye directed at them. Showers are also seen as particularly vulnerable places where a jinn may attach themselves to a person.<ref name=":5" />