Editing Venus in fiction (section)

==Paradigm shift==
[[File:PIA00103 Venus - 3-D Perspective View of Lavinia Planitia.jpg|thumb|The barren, cratered surface of Venus. ([[Magellan (spacecraft)|Magellan]] radar imagery)]]
In scientific circles, life on Venus was increasingly viewed as unlikely from the 1930s on, as more advanced methods for observing Venus suggested that its atmosphere lacked oxygen.<ref>{{cite book |last=Dick |first=Steven |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sk51eo3fKEgC&pg=PA43 |title=Life on Other Worlds: The 20th-Century Extraterrestrial Life Debate |date=2001 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=0-521-79912-0 |page= |author-link=Steven J. Dick}}</ref>{{rp|43}} In the [[Space Age]], space probes starting with the 1962 ''[[Mariner 2]]'' found that Venus's surface temperature was in the range of {{convert|800–900|F|4=-2}}, and atmospheric pressure at ground-level was many times that of Earth's.<ref name="ScienceFactAndScienceFiction" />{{Rp|page=548}}<ref name="Dozois" />{{rp|xv}}<ref name="ley196604" />{{rp|131}} This rendered obsolete fiction that had depicted a planet with exotic but habitable settings, and writers' interest in the planet diminished when its inhospitability became better understood.<ref name="ScienceFactAndScienceFiction" />{{Rp|page=548}}<ref name="Dozois" />{{rp|xv}}<ref name="ley196604">{{Cite magazine |last=Ley |first=Willy |author-link=Willy Ley |date=April 1966 |editor-last=Pohl |editor-first=Frederik |editor-link=Frederik Pohl |title=The Re-Designed Solar System |url=https://archive.org/stream/Galaxy_v24n04_1966-04#page/n63/mode/1up |department=For Your Information |magazine=[[Galaxy Science Fiction]] |type= |volume=24 |issue=4 |pages= |oclc=1184799209}}</ref>{{rp|131}}Some works go so far as to portray Venus as a mostly ignored part of an otherwise thoroughly explored Solar System; examples include Clarke's ''[[Rendezvous with Rama]]'' (1973) and the novel series ''[[The Expanse (novel series)|The Expanse]]'' (2011–2021) by [[James S. A. Corey]] (joint pseudonym of [[Daniel Abraham (author)|Daniel Abraham]] and [[Ty Franck]]).<ref name="SpaceScienceReviewsVenus" />{{Rp|page=14}}

=== Nostalgic depictions ===
{{See also|Mars in fiction#Nostalgic depictions}}
A romantic, habitable, pre-Mariner Venus continued to appear for a while in deliberately nostalgic and [[Retro style|retro]] works such as Zelazny's "The Doors of His Face, the Lamps of His Mouth" (1965) and [[Thomas M. Disch]]'s "[[Come to Venus Melancholy]]" (1965), and [[Brian Aldiss]] and [[Harry Harrison (writer)|Harry Harrison]] collected works written before the scientific advancements in the anthology ''[[Farewell, Fantastic Venus]]'' (1968).<ref name="ScienceFactAndScienceFiction" />{{Rp|page=548}}<ref name="Dozois" />{{rp|xv-xvii}}<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Tomlinson |first1=Paul |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M_f4g9NHkPcC&pg=PA201 |title=Harry Harrison: An Annotated Bibliography |last2=Harrison |first2=Harry |date=2002 |publisher=Wildside Press LLC |isbn=978-1-58715-401-0 |language=en |author-link2=Harry Harrison (writer)}}</ref>{{Rp|page=201}} The nostalgic image of Venus has also occasionally resurfaced several decades later: [[S. M. Stirling]]'s ''[[The Sky People]]'' (2006) takes place in an [[Parallel universes in fiction|alternate universe]] where the pulp version of Venus is real, and the anthology ''[[Old Venus]]'' (2015) edited by [[George R. R. Martin]] and [[Gardner Dozois]] collects newly-written works in the style of older stories about the now-outdated vision of Venus.<ref name="Liptak" /><ref name="Dozois" />{{rp|xv-xvii}} The [[role-playing game]]s ''[[Space: 1889]]'' (1989) and ''[[Mutant Chronicles]]'' (1993) likewise use a deliberately retro depiction of Venus.<ref name="WandererAmHimmelVenus" />{{rp|79}}