Editing Extraterrestrial life (section)

=== Harsh environmental conditions on Earth harboring life ===
It is common knowledge that the conditions on other planets in the solar system, in addition to the many galaxies outside of the [[Milky Way galaxy]], are very harsh and seem to be too extreme to harbor any life.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Atmosphere - Planets, Composition, Pressure {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/atmosphere/The-atmospheres-of-other-planets |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> The environmental conditions on these planets can have intense [[UV radiation]] paired with extreme temperatures, lack of water,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Amils |first1=Ricardo |last2=González-Toril |first2=Elena |last3=Fernández-Remolar |first3=David |last4=Gómez |first4=Felipe |last5=Aguilera |first5=Ángeles |last6=Rodríguez |first6=Nuria |last7=Malki |first7=Mustafá |last8=García-Moyano |first8=Antonio |last9=Fairén |first9=Alberto G. |last10=de la Fuente |first10=Vicenta |last11=Luis Sanz |first11=José |date=February 2007 |title=Extreme environments as Mars terrestrial analogs: The Rio Tinto case |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0032063306001826 |journal=Planetary and Space Science |language=en |volume=55 |issue=3 |pages=370–381 |doi=10.1016/j.pss.2006.02.006|bibcode=2007P&SS...55..370A }}</ref> and much more that can lead to conditions that don't seem to favor the creation or maintenance of extraterrestrial life. However, there has been much historical evidence that some of the earliest and most basic forms of life on Earth originated in some extreme environments<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Daniel |first1=Isabelle |last2=Oger |first2=Philippe |last3=Winter |first3=Roland |date=2006 |title=Origins of life and biochemistry under high-pressure conditions |url=https://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=b517766a |journal=Chemical Society Reviews |language=en |volume=35 |issue=10 |pages=858–875 |doi=10.1039/b517766a |pmid=17003893 |issn=0306-0012}}</ref> that seem unlikely to have harbored life at least at one point in Earth's history. Fossil evidence as well as many historical theories backed up by years of research and studies have marked environments like [[hydrothermal vent]]s or acidic hot springs as some of the first places that life could have originated on Earth.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Dong |first1=Hailiang |last2=Yu |first2=Bingsong |date=2007-09-01 |title=Geomicrobiological processes in extreme environments: A review |journal=Episodes |language=en |volume=30 |issue=3 |pages=202–216 |doi=10.18814/epiiugs/2007/v30i3/003 |issn=0705-3797|doi-access=free }}</ref> These environments can be considered extreme when compared to the typical ecosystems that the majority of life on Earth now inhabit, as hydrothermal vents are scorching hot due to the [[magma]] escaping from the [[Earth's mantle]] and meeting the much colder oceanic water. Even in today's world, there can be a diverse population of bacteria found inhabiting the area surrounding these hydrothermal vents<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Georgieva |first1=Magdalena N. |last2=Little |first2=Crispin T.S. |last3=Maslennikov |first3=Valeriy V. |last4=Glover |first4=Adrian G. |last5=Ayupova |first5=Nuriya R. |last6=Herrington |first6=Richard J. |date=June 2021 |title=The history of life at hydrothermal vents |journal=Earth-Science Reviews |language=en |volume=217 |pages=103602 |doi=10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103602|bibcode=2021ESRv..21703602G |doi-access=free }}</ref> which can suggest that some form of life can be supported even in the harshest of environments like the other planets in the solar system.

The aspects of these harsh environments that make them ideal for the origin of life on Earth, as well as the possibility of creation of life on other planets, is the [[chemical reaction]]s forming spontaneously. For example, the [[hydrothermal vent]]s found on the ocean floor are known to support many [[Chemosynthesis|chemosynthetic]] processes<ref name=":0" /> which allow organisms to utilize energy through reduced chemical compounds that fix carbon.<ref name=":1" /> In return, these reactions will allow for organisms to live in relatively low oxygenated environments while maintaining enough energy to support themselves. The early Earth environment was reducing<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Zahnle |first1=Kevin J. |last2=Lupu |first2=Roxana |last3=Catling |first3=David C. |last4=Wogan |first4=Nick |date=2020-06-01 |title=Creation and Evolution of Impact-generated Reduced Atmospheres of Early Earth |journal=The Planetary Science Journal |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=11 |doi=10.3847/PSJ/ab7e2c |doi-access=free |arxiv=2001.00095 |bibcode=2020PSJ.....1...11Z |issn=2632-3338}}</ref> and therefore, these carbon fixing compounds were necessary for the survival and possible [[origin of life on Earth]]. With the little amount of information that scientists have found regarding the atmosphere on other planets in the [[Milky Way galaxy]] and beyond, the atmospheres are most likely reducing or with very low oxygen levels,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Atreya |first1=S.K |last2=Mahaffy |first2=P.R |last3=Niemann |first3=H.B |last4=Wong |first4=M.H |last5=Owen |first5=T.C |date=February 2003 |title=Composition and origin of the atmosphere of Jupiter—an update, and implications for the extrasolar giant planets |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0032063302001447 |journal=Planetary and Space Science |language=en |volume=51 |issue=2 |pages=105–112 |doi=10.1016/S0032-0633(02)00144-7|bibcode=2003P&SS...51..105A }}</ref> especially when compared with Earth's atmosphere. If there were the necessary elements and ions on these planets, the same carbon fixing, reduced chemical compounds occurring around hydrothermal vents could also occur on these planets' surfaces and possibly result in the origin of extraterrestrial life.