Editing Niacin (section)

==Research==

In [[animal model]]s and ''[[in vitro]]'', niacin produces marked anti-inflammatory effects in a variety of tissues&nbsp;– including the brain, gastrointestinal tract, skin, and [[Inflammation#Vascular component|vascular tissue]]&nbsp;– through the activation of [[hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2]] (HCA2), also known as niacin receptor 1 (NIACR1).<ref name="Niacin neuroinflammation">{{cite journal | vauthors = Offermanns S, Schwaninger M | title = Nutritional or pharmacological activation of HCA(2) ameliorates neuroinflammation | journal = Trends in Molecular Medicine | volume = 21 | issue = 4 | pages = 245–55 | date = April 2015 | pmid = 25766751 | doi = 10.1016/j.molmed.2015.02.002}}</ref><ref name="Niacin vascular inflammation">{{cite journal | vauthors = Chai JT, Digby JE, Choudhury RP | title = GPR109A and vascular inflammation | journal = Current Atherosclerosis Reports | volume = 15 | issue = 5 | pages = 325 | date = May 2013 | pmid = 23526298 | pmc = 3631117 | doi = 10.1007/s11883-013-0325-9 }}</ref><ref name="NIACR1 anti-inflammatory effects">{{cite journal | vauthors = Graff EC, Fang H, Wanders D, Judd RL | title = Anti-inflammatory effects of the hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 | journal = Metabolism | volume = 65 | issue = 2 | pages = 102–13 | date = February 2016 | pmid = 26773933 | doi = 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.10.001 }}</ref><ref name="Niacin-NIACR1 in PD">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wakade C, Chong R | s2cid = 29760853 | title = A novel treatment target for Parkinson's disease | journal = Journal of the Neurological Sciences | volume = 347 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 34–8 | date = December 2014 | pmid = 25455298 | doi = 10.1016/j.jns.2014.10.024 }}</ref> Unlike niacin, nicotinamide does not activate NIACR1; however, both niacin and nicotinamide activate the [[G protein-coupled estrogen receptor]] (GPER) ''in vitro''.<ref name="Niacin-nicotinamide GPER primary">{{cite journal | vauthors = Santolla MF, De Francesco EM, Lappano R, Rosano C, Abonante S, Maggiolini M | title = Niacin activates the G protein estrogen receptor (GPER)-mediated signalling | journal = Cellular Signalling | volume = 26 | issue = 7 | pages = 1466–75 | date = July 2014 | pmid = 24662263 | doi = 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.03.011 }}</ref>

In 2024, it was reported that metabolites of niacin promote vascular inflammation and contribute to the risk of developing [[atherosclerosis]].<ref name="Mole2024">{{cite news | vauthors = Mole B |title=Surprising link found between niacin and risk of heart attack and stroke |url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2024/02/surprising-link-found-between-niacin-and-risk-of-heart-attack-and-stroke/ |access-date=24 May 2024 |publisher=Ars Technica |date=26 Feb 2024}}</ref>