Editing Niacin (section)

===Industrial synthesis===
Nicotinic acid was first synthesized in 1867 by oxidative degradation of [[nicotine]] with [[potassium chromate]] and [[sulfuric acid]]<ref name=Ullmann2015/> — this is the origin of the name.<ref name=JAMA1942a>{{cite journal|title=Niacin and Nicotinic Acid|date=7 March 1942|volume=118|issue=10|doi=10.1001/jama.1942.02830100053014|journal=Journal of the American Medical Association|page=823}}</ref> Niacin is prepared by hydrolysis of [[nicotinonitrile]], which, as described above, is generated by oxidation of 3-picoline. Oxidation can be effected by air, but [[ammoxidation]] is more efficient. In the latter process, nicotinonitrile is produced by ammoxidation of [[3-methylpyridine]]. [[Nitrile hydratase]] is then used to catalyze nicotinonitrile to nicotinamide, which can be converted to niacin.<ref>{{Ullmann|vauthors=Abe N, Ichimura H, Kataoka T, Morishita S, Shimizu S, Shoji T, Watanabe N |year=2007 |doi=10.1002/14356007.a22_399|title=Pyridine and Pyridine Derivatives|isbn=978-3527306732}}</ref> Alternatively, ammonia, acetic acid and paraldehyde are used to make [[5-Ethyl-2-methyl-pyridine|5-ethyl-2-methyl-pyridine]], which is then oxidized to niacin.<ref name=LONZA>{{cite journal | vauthors = Eschenmooser W |title=100 Years of Progress with LONZA |journal=CHIMIA |date=June 1997 |volume=51 |issue=6 |pages=259–69 |doi=10.2533/chimia.1997.259 |s2cid=100485418 |doi-access=free }}</ref> New "greener" catalysts are being tested using manganese-substituted aluminophosphates that use acetyl peroxyborate as non-corrosive oxidant, avoiding producing nitrogen oxides as do traditional ammoxidations.<ref>{{cite journal| author = Sarah Everts| title = Clean Catalysis: Environmentally friendly synthesis of niacin generates less inorganic waste| journal = Chemical & Engineering News| year = 2008| issn = 0009-2347}}</ref>

The demand for commercial production includes for animal feed and for food fortification meant for human consumption. According to ''[[Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry]]'', worldwide 31,000 tons of nicotinamide were sold in 2014.<ref name=Ullmann2015>{{cite encyclopedia|encyclopedia = Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry|year = 2015|publisher = [[Wiley-VCH]]|location = Weinheim|isbn = 978-3-527-30385-4|edition = 6th|title = Vitamins, 11. Niacin (Nicotinic Acid, Nicotinamide|pages = 1–9| vauthors = Blum R |doi = 10.1002/14356007.o27_o14.pub2|chapter = Vitamins, 11. Niacin (Nicotinic Acid, Nicotinamide)}}</ref>