Editing Scotia (barque) (section)

==History==
''Hekla'' was built as a [[barque]] in 1872 by Jørgensen & Knudsen, [[Drammen]] for S. S. Svendsen of [[Sandefjord]].<ref name=Hekla/> She was used as a [[seal hunting|sealer]], making voyages to the east coast of Greenland from 1872 to 1882 and to [[Scoresby Sound]] in 1892.<ref name=Stamp/> In 1896, she was sold to N. Bugge, [[Tønsberg]]. She was sold in 1898 to A/S Sæl- og Hvalfangerskib Hekla, [[Oslo|Christiania]] and was placed under the management of M. C. Tvethe. ''Hekla'' was sold in 1900 to A/S Hecla, Sandefjord, operated under the management of Anders Marcussen.<ref name=Hekla/>

In 1902, she was purchased by [[William Speirs Bruce]] for [[Norwegian krone|kr 45,000]] ([[Pound sterling|£2,650]]). She was renamed ''Scotia'' and was rebuilt by the [[Ailsa Shipbuilding Company]] for use as a research vessel by the [[Scottish National Antarctic Expedition]]. The ship was strengthened internally, with beams {{convert|25|in|mm}} thick added to resist the pressure of ice whilst in the Antarctic.<ref name=Hekla/> A new [[steam engine]] was fitted, which drove a single screw propeller. It could propel the vessel at {{convert|7|kn|km/h}}.<ref name=Times170902>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=British Association |date=17 September 1902 |page=4 |issue=36875 |column=A-F }}</ref> The work was supervised by [[Fridtjof Nansen]]. When the conversion of the ship was complete, she was inspected by [[Colin Archer]], who had prepared ''[[Fram (ship)|Fram]]'' for [[Nansen's Fram expedition|Nansen's 1893 expedition to the Arctic]].<ref name=Hekla/> Thomas Robertson was appointed captain of ''Scotia''. He had twenty years' experience of sailing in the [[Arctic]] and [[Antarctic]] on board the [[whaler]]s ''Active'' and ''Balaena''. Sea trials of the rebuilt ship were conducted in August 1902.<ref name=UoG>{{cite web |url=http://special.lib.gla.ac.uk/exhibns/month/apr2004.html |title=William Speirs Bruce Photographs from the Scotia Antarctic Expedition |publisher=University of Glasgow |access-date=17 July 2015}}</ref>

''Scotia'' sailed on 2 November 1902 for the Antarctic. She arrived at the [[Falkland Islands]] on 6 January 1903,<ref name=Times130103>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=The Scottish National Antarctic Expedition |date=13 January 1903 |page=4 |issue=36976 |column=F }}</ref> She then sailed to [[Laurie Island]], [[South Orkney Islands]] where she arrived on 25 March. ''Scotia'' overwintered in [[Scotia Bay]],<ref name=Stamp/> where she was frozen in for eight months.<ref name=Times230804>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Scottish National Antarctic Expedition |date=23 August 1904 |page=6 |issue=37480 |column=A-D }}</ref> She departed for the Falkland Islands on 27 November,<ref name=Stamp/> en route for [[Buenos Aires]], Argentina where she underwent a refit.{{sfn|Speak|2003|pp=90-98}} ''Scotia'' returned to Laurie Island on 14 February 1904, sailing eight days later for the [[Weddell Sea]]. She departed from the Antarctic on 21 March.<ref name=Stamp/> Calling at [[Saint Helena]] in June,<ref name=Times070604>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=The Scottish Antarctic Expedition |date=7 June 1904 |page=10 |issue=37414 |column=E }}</ref> she arrived at [[Millport, Cumbrae]], [[Ayrshire]] on 21 July,<ref name=UoG/> and was escorted by a number of ships to her final destination of [[Gourock]], [[Renfrewshire]].<ref name=Times220704>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Return of the Scottish Antarctic Expedition |date=22 July 1904 |page=6 |issue=37453 |column=D-E }}</ref>

Following the expedition, it was planned that ''Scotia'' would see further use by the universities of Scotland as a research vessel. However, she was sold by [[auction]] in an effort to recoup some of the costs of the expedition.<ref name=Hekla/><ref name=Times240116>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=The last of the Scotia |date=24 January 1916 |page=5 |issue=41071 |column=D }}</ref> She served as a sealer and [[whaler]] until 1913, operating off the coast of Greenland.<ref name=Stamp/><ref name=Stamp2/> Following the loss of {{RMS|Titanic||2}},<ref name=Stamp/> she was then [[bareboat charter|chartered]] by the [[Board of Trade]] for use as a [[weather ship]] on the [[Grand Banks of Newfoundland]], warning shipping of [[iceberg]]s.<ref name=Hekla/><ref name=UoG/><ref name=Stamp2/> A [[Marconi Company|Marconi]] [[wireless telegraphy|wireless]] was installed to enable her to communicate with stations on the coast of [[Labrador]] and [[Dominion of Newfoundland|Newfoundland]].<ref name=Times150213>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=The ice danger in the North Atlantic |date=15 February 1913 |page=4 |issue=40136 |column=C }}</ref> Following this, she became a [[collier (ship type)|collier]],<ref name=Stamp/> sailing between the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]] and France. On 18 January 1916,<ref name=Hekla/> she caught fire and was burnt out in the [[Bristol Channel]] off [[Sully Island]], [[Glamorgan]].<ref name=Stamp2/> Her crew survived.<ref name=Hekla/>