Editing MKUltra (section)

==Notable people==
===Documented experimenters===
'''Confirmed experimenters:'''
* [[Harold Alexander Abramson]]
* [[Donald Ewen Cameron]]
* [[Sidney Gottlieb]]
* [[Harris Isbell]]<ref name=mk1977/>
* [[Martin Theodore Orne]]
* [[Louis Jolyon West]]
* [[George Hunter White]]<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Ornes|first=Stephen|date=4 August 2008|title=Whatever Happened to... Mind Control?|url=http://discovermagazine.com/2008/aug/04-whatever-happened-to-mind-control|magazine=[[Discover (magazine)|Discover]]|access-date=23 October 2019}}</ref>
'''Alleged experimenters:'''
* [[Jim Jones]]<ref>{{Cite book|last=Meiers |first=Michael|title=Was Jonestown A CIA Medical Experiment? A Review of the Evidence|date=1988|publisher=Mellen House|isbn=0-88946-013-2|location=New York}}</ref>
* [[Charlie Siragusa]]<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Crewdson |first1=John M. |last2=Thomas |first2=Jo |date=1977-09-20 |title=Abuses in Testing Of Drugs by C.I.A. To Be Panel Focus |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1977/09/20/archives/abuses-in-testing-of-drugs-by-cia-to-be-panel-focus-senate-panel-to.html |access-date=2024-07-11 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

===Documented subjects===
'''Confirmed subjects:'''

* [[Allen Ginsberg]] first took LSD in an experiment on [[Stanford University]]'s campus where he could listen to records of his choice (he chose a [[Gertrude Stein]] reading, a Tibetan [[mandala]], and [[Richard Wagner]]). He said the experience resulted in "a slight paranoia that hung on all my acid experiences through the mid-1960s until I learned from meditation how to disperse that."<ref>{{Cite book|last=Marks |first=John|title=The search for the "Manchurian candidate"|date=1991|publisher=Norton|isbn=0-393-30794-8|location=New York|pages=129–130|oclc=23973516}}</ref> He became an outspoken advocate for psychedelics in the 1960s and, after hearing suspicions that the experiment was CIA-funded, wrote, "Am I, Allen Ginsberg, the product of one of the CIA's lamentable, ill-advised, or triumphantly successful experiments in mind control?"<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Lee|first1=Martin A.|title=Acid Dreams: The Complete Social History of LSD: The CIA, the Sixties, and Beyond|last2=Shlain|first2=Bruce|publisher=Grove Press|year=1992|isbn=0-8021-3062-3|location=USA|pages=xix}}</ref>
* [[Ken Kesey]], author of ''[[One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (novel)|One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest]]'', is said to have volunteered for MKUltra experiments involving LSD and other psychedelic drugs at the Veterans Administration Hospital in [[Menlo Park, California|Menlo Park]] while he was a student at nearby Stanford University. Kesey's experiences while under the influence of LSD inspired him to promote the drug outside the context of the MKUltra experiments, which influenced the early development of [[hippie]] culture.<ref name="oregonianobit" /><ref>{{cite news |last=Lehmann-Haupt |first=Christopher |date=2001-11-01 |title=Ken Kesey, Author of 'Cuckoo's Nest,' Who Defined the Psychedelic Era, Dies at 66 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/11/11/nyregion/ken-kesey-author-of-cuckoo-s-nest-who-defined-the-psychedelic-era-dies-at-66.html?pagewanted=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428174421/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/11/11/nyregion/ken-kesey-author-of-cuckoo-s-nest-who-defined-the-psychedelic-era-dies-at-66.html?pagewanted=1 |archive-date=28 April 2021 |access-date=2010-09-08 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Woo |first=Elaine |date=November 11, 2001 |title=Ken Kesey, Novelist and '60s Icon, Dies |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-nov-11-mn-2946-story.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218102610/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-nov-11-mn-2946-story.html |archive-date=December 18, 2023 |access-date=25 April 2024 |work=Los Angeles Times}}</ref>
* [[Harold Blauer]] was an American [[tennis]] player who died from injections of [[3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine]] in the [[New York State Psychiatric Institute]], which he had voluntarily checked into due to his depression following a [[divorce]].
* [[Robert Hunter (lyricist)|Robert Hunter]] was an American lyricist, singer-songwriter, translator, and poet, best known for his association with [[Jerry Garcia]] and the [[Grateful Dead]]. Along with Ken Kesey, Hunter was said to be an early volunteer MKUltra test subject at Stanford University. Stanford test subjects were paid to take [[LSD]], [[psilocybin]], and [[mescaline]], then report on their experiences. These experiences were creatively formative for Hunter:{{pb}}{{blockquote|Sit back picture yourself swooping up a shell of purple with foam crests of crystal drops soft nigh they fall unto the sea of morning creep-very-softly mist{{nbsp}}[...] and then sort of cascade tinkley-bell-like (must I take you by the hand, ever so slowly type) and then conglomerate suddenly into a peal of silver vibrant uncomprehendingly, blood singingly, joyously resounding bells{{nbsp}}[...] By my faith if this be insanity, then for the love of God permit me to remain insane.<ref>{{cite book |last=McNally |first=DA |title=A Long Strange Trip: The Inside History of the Grateful Dead |publisher=[[Broadway Books]] |year=2002 |isbn=0-7679-1186-5 |pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=BxA5sA-HA2UC&pg=PA42 42–3]}}</ref>}}

'''Alleged subjects:'''

* [[James "Whitey" Bulger]] alleged he had been subjected to weekly injections of LSD and subsequent testing while in [[United States Penitentiary, Atlanta|prison in Atlanta]] in 1957.<ref name="Brutal">{{cite book|last=Weeks|first=Kevin |title=Brutal: The Untold Story Of My Life Inside Whitey Bulger's Irish Mob |publisher=Harper Collins|year=2007|pages=83–84|isbn=978-0-06-114806-4}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ozy.com/true-story/whitey-bulger-i-was-a-guinea-pig-for-cia-drug-experiments/76409|title=I'm Whitey Bulger. Here's How the CIA Used Me for Drug Experiments.|first=James "Whitey"|last=Bulger|date=2017-05-09|access-date=June 11, 2017|archive-date=May 19, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180519204913/https://www.ozy.com/true-story/whitey-bulger-i-was-a-guinea-pig-for-cia-drug-experiments/76409|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[Ted Kaczynski]], an American domestic terrorist known as the Unabomber, was said to be a subject of a voluntary psychological study alleged by some sources to have been a part of MKUltra.<ref name="mindwars">{{cite book|title=Mind Wars: Brain Science and the Military in the 21st Century|last1=Moreno|first1=Jonathan|publisher=Bellevue Literary Press, NYU School of Medicine|year=2012|isbn=978-1-934137-43-7}}</ref><ref name="mkultra">{{cite web|url=http://www.theweek.co.uk/86961/mkultra-inside-the-cias-cold-war-mind-control-experiments|title=MKUltra: Inside the CIA's Cold War mind control experiments|website=The Week|date=July 20, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171122053010/http://www.theweek.co.uk/86961/mkultra-inside-the-cias-cold-war-mind-control-experiments|archive-date=November 22, 2017|access-date=December 23, 2017|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="UNABOM">{{cite web|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2000/06/harvard-and-the-making-of-the-unabomber/378239/|title=Harvard and the Making of the Unabomber|last1=Chase|first1=Alston |website=The Atlantic |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821120634/https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2000/06/harvard-and-the-making-of-the-unabomber/378239/|archive-date=August 21, 2014|url-status=live|access-date=December 23, 2017|df=mdy-all|date=June 2000}}</ref> As a sophomore at [[Harvard]], Kaczynski participated in a study described by author Alston Chase as a "purposely brutalizing psychological experiment", led by Harvard psychologist [[Henry Murray]].<ref name=moreno>{{cite web|url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/impromptu-man/201205/harvards-experiment-the-unabomber-class-62|title=Harvard's Experiment on the Unabomber, Class of '62|first=Jonathan D|last=Moreno|website=Psychology Today|date=May 25, 2012}}</ref> In total, Kaczynski spent 200 hours as part of the study.<ref>{{cite news|url =https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/entertainment/books/2003/03/02/a-dangerous-mind/b003b569-3159-47da-bf95-17bef527f8bb/|title =A Dangerous Mind|first =Todd|last =Gitlin|newspaper =The Washington Post|date =March 2, 2003}}</ref>
* [[Sirhan Sirhan]]'s attorney, Lawrence Teeter, believed that Sirhan was "operating under MKUltra mind control techniques" when he assassinated [[Robert F. Kennedy]].<ref name="Telegraph">{{cite news|last1=Hunt|first1=H.E.|title=The 30 greatest conspiracy theories|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/3483477/The-30-greatest-conspiracy-theories-part-1.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/3483477/The-30-greatest-conspiracy-theories-part-1.html |archive-date=January 11, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|website=The Telegraph|publisher=Telegraph Media Group|access-date=22 February 2018|date=2008-11-19}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
* [[Charles Manson]] has been tied to MKULTRA by author Tom O'Neil, beginning with his time in prison, when Manson took part in drug-induced psychological experiments run by the federal government.<ref>{{cite news |author=Conrad |first=Peter |date=7 July 2019 |title=Chaos: Charles Manson, the CIA and the Secret History of the Sixties by Tom O'Neill with Dan Piepenbring |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/jul/07/chaos-charles-manson-cia-secret-history-sixties-tom-oneill-dan-piepenbring-review |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240119223829/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/jul/07/chaos-charles-manson-cia-secret-history-sixties-tom-oneill-dan-piepenbring-review |archive-date=19 January 2024 |access-date=25 April 2024 |newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref> This continued through his ongoing connection to the CIA's Free Medical Clinic in San Francisco once out of prison in 1967.{{Citation needed|date=April 2024}}