Editing Nevada Test and Training Range (section)

==Geography==
The Nevada Test and Training Range land area is mostly [[Central Basin and Range ecoregion]] ([[cf.]] southernmost portion in the [[Mojave Desert]]),{{r|"Huntley"}}{{rp|3-1}} and smaller ecoregions (e.g., [[Tonopah Basin]], Tonopah Playa, & Bald Mountain biomes) are within the area of numerous [[basin and range]] landforms of the NTTR.

===Landforms===
{{For|the list of all NTTR landforms|List of landforms of the Nellis & Wildlife 5 Ranges region#Nellis Air Force Range{{!}}Nellis and Wildlife 5 Ranges region}}
The NTTR is at the serpentine section of the [[Great Basin Divide]] in southern Nevada and uses numerous landforms for military operations, e.g., [[Groom Lake]] near the northeast NTTR border is the airstrip for [[Area 51]], the 1955 Site II west of the lake's WWII field. [[Tolicha Peak]] and [[Point Bravo]] are the sites of for electronic combat ranges, and the [[Mercury Valley]] is the eponym for a [[Cold War]] camp that became [[Mercury, Nevada|Mercury]], Nevada. The [[Tonopah Test Range]], within the boundaries of the NTTR (e.g., "Nellis Range 75"<ref name="TTRCASs">{{Cite report |title=Tonopah Test Range...Corrective Action Sites |volume=DOE/NV/25946--1036 |quote=CAS TA-55-002-TAB2 (Bomblet Target Areas) consists of six separate locations [that] include Mid Target, [[BLU-63]] area, [[Strategic Air Command|SAC]] Target, South Antelope Lake, and [[Tomahawk (missile family)|Tomahawk]] Targets 1 and 2 ... CAS RG-52-007-TAML ([[Davis Gun]] Penetrator Test) consists of Davis Gun testing locations on [[Antelope Lake (Nevada)|Antelope]], [[Brownes Lake|Brownes]], [[Pedro Lake|Pedro]], and [[Main Lake]]s, and [[Antelope Tuff]] 1, Antelope Tuff 2, [[Sidewinder Tuff]], [[Myers Ridge]], and [[Mount Helen (Nevada)|Mt Helen]] (Nellis Range 75). The only location with land use restrictions is Antelope Lake.}}</ref>) includes [[Antelope Lake (Nevada)|Antelope Lake]], Radar Hill, and the "Cactus, Antelope, and [[Silverbow Springs]]".{{r|"Wagner"}}

===Northern Range===
The ''Northern Range'' includes the [[Tolicha Peak Electronic Combat Range]] (TPECR, e.g., Range 76 targets 76–03, -05, -11, & -14)<ref name="BergerField">{{Cite report |year=2000 |title=Berger Field Site 27 (IMACS Site Form) |quote=<!--16. Location and Access: The site is located adjacent to the northwest corner of Target 76-11, Range 76, Nellis Air Force Range, Nevada. Travel north along US 95 from Beatty {{convert|27|mi}}, then turn right into the Tolicha Peak entrance to Nellis AFR. Proceed {{convert|10.9|mi}} through the security gate to the Tolicha Peak Electronic Combat Range (TPECR), then proceed north through TPECR, then north/northwest along a dirt road (Potato Chip Road) for {{convert|4.8|mi}}, passing the turn-off for the Eastman Airfield Target (Target 76-14), and continue for another {{convert|5.5|mi}} along this same north-trending dirt road (but now named Pena Parkway). Turn left (or west) at Target 76-05, and proceed for {{convert|1.5|mi}} southwest until you enter Target 76-03. Then hike straight south for one mile to the northwest corner of Target 76-11 and the <nowiki>[</nowiki>[[Berger Field]] site. -->}} (form is depicted in the 2006 ''Developing Cultural Resources Data Management Tools'' presentation)</ref> and [[Tonopah Electronic Combat Range]] (the [[List of landforms of the Nellis & Wildlife 5 Ranges region#National Wildhorse Management Area|Wildhorse Management Area]] encircled by the Northern Range is not part of the NTTR.){{r|"GlobalSecurity"}}

===Eastman Airfield Target===
The '''Eastman Airfield Target''' (Target 76–14,{{r|"BergerField"}} Korean Airfield, {{Coord|37|22| |N|116|50| |W|display=inline|name=Eastman Airfield Target 76-14|notes={{Citation needed|date=February 2012}} }}) is a Range 76 target {{convert|4.3|mi|km}} northwest of the TPECR. The target has a northeastern taxiway loop, characteristic for the former [[Soviet Air Force]] base at [[Jüterbog Airfield]] in [[East Germany]], and three ramps in front of hangars on the western side of the loop. The other taxiways have a similar layout to Jüterbog, although the runway is about {{convert|400|m|order=flip}} shorter. There are two accompanying [[surface to air missile|SAM]] sites, one {{convert|2.5|km|order=flip}} northwest of the airfield, and one {{convert|5.6|km|order=flip}} northwest just like the original.<ref>{{cite web |title=Altes Lager: Air Base |publisher=Military Airfields Directory |url=http://www.mil-airfields.de/de/altes-lager.htm}}</ref>

===Southern Range===
The '''Southern Range''' includes the [[Point Bravo Electronic Combat Range]].{{Citation needed|date=February 2013}} An area of about {{Convert|<!--816400|acre-->1276|sqmi|abbr=on}} of the Southern Range that was withdrawn from the [[Desert National Wildlife Range]] is co-managed by the [[United States Air Force]] (USAF) and the [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service]].{{r|"GlobalSecurity"}}

===Nearby facilities===
In addition to [[Nellis Air Force Base|Nellis AFB]], areas outside of the current NTTR land area are used for related activities, e.g., about {{Convert|<!--708621|acres|-->1107|sqmi|abbr=on}} of the former military range land (relinquished 1942, e.g. ranges 46–56,{{r|"Madsen"}} and {{circa|lk=no|1953}}) is under the Nellis "Area A" airspace that is a [[Military Operations Area]] (MOA).{{r|"EO9019"}} The [[Formerly Used Defense Site]] north and northeast of the NTTR with "[[Stone Cabin Valley|Stone Cabin]], [[Hot Creek Valley|Hot Creek]], [[Railroad Valley|Railroad]], [[Tikaboo Valley|Tikaboo]], and [[Sand Spring Valley|Sand Spring]] valleys" is a "former portion of the Tonopah Bombing Range", includes "Permit Required Confined space", and prohibits vehicles in "suspected ordnance impact area[s]" (e.g., "green markings" indicate chemical agents).{{r|"USACE2001"}} Most areas adjacent to the NTTR are managed by the [[Bureau of Land Management]] for limited non-residential use such as grazing.{{r|"USACE2001"}}{{rp|3-1}} Temporary sites, e.g., for [[MIM-104 Patriot|Patriot]] Communications Exercises (about "21 days per exercise"), are in the "[[Air Defense Artillery|ADA]] activity area" east of the NTTR with 13 empty "500 feet by 500 feet" sites for mobile electronic equipment on BLM land in the "[[Sand Springs Valley]], [[Coal Valley (Nevada)|Coal Valley]], [[Delamar Valley]], and [[Dry Lake Valley]]" ("general area" of the Key Pittman [[Wildlife Management Area|WMA]]) and "under MOA airspace".{{r|"Huntley"}}