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===Sikhism=== Founded in the 15th century, [[Sikhism]]'s founder [[Guru Nanak]] had a choice between the cyclical reincarnation concept of ancient Indian religions and the linear concept of Islam, he chose the cyclical concept of time.<ref name=colesambhi13>{{cite book|author1=W.O. Cole |author2=Piara Singh Sambhi |title=Sikhism and Christianity: A Comparative Study |year=2016|publisher=Springer |isbn= 978-1-349-23049-5 |pages= 13β14}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author= Arvind-Pal Singh Mandair|title= Sikhism: A Guide for the Perplexed |year=2013|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |isbn=978-1-4411-5366-1 |page=176 }}</ref> Sikhism teaches reincarnation theory similar to those in Hinduism, but with some differences from its traditional doctrines.<ref name="Mandair2013p145"/> Sikh rebirth theories about the nature of existence are similar to ideas that developed during the devotional [[Bhakti movement]] particularly within some [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnava traditions]], which define liberation as a state of union with God attained through the grace of God.<ref>{{cite book|author1=John Gordon Melton|author2=Martin Baumann|title=Religions of the world: a comprehensive encyclopedia of beliefs and practices|volume=2|year=2002|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-57607-223-3|page=632}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Eric J. Lott|title=Vision, Tradition, Interpretation: Theology, Religion, and the Study of Religion |year=1988|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|isbn=978-3-11-009761-0|pages=49β53}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last =Flood | first =Gavin | year =1996 | title =An introduction to Hinduism | publisher =Cambridge University Press| isbn= 978-0-521-43878-0 | url= https://archive.org/details/introductiontohi0000floo | url-access =registration |page=[https://archive.org/details/introductiontohi0000floo/page/137 137]}}</ref> The doctrines of Sikhism teach that the soul exists, and is passed from one body to another in endless cycles of [[SaαΉsΔra]], until liberation from the death and rebirth cycle. Each birth begins with karma (''[[Karma#Sikhism|karam]]''), and these actions leave a karmic signature (''karni'') on one's soul which influences future rebirths, but it is [[God in Sikhism|God]] whose grace that liberates from the death and rebirth cycle.<ref name="Mandair2013p145"/> The way out of the reincarnation cycle, asserts Sikhism, is to live an ethical life, devote oneself to God and constantly remember God's name.<ref name="Mandair2013p145">{{cite book|author=Arvind-Pal Singh Mandair |title=Sikhism: A Guide for the Perplexed |year=2013|publisher=A&C Black |isbn=978-1-4411-0231-7 |pages=145β147 }}</ref> The precepts of Sikhism encourage the [[bhakti]] of One Lord for ''[[Moksha|mukti]]'' (liberation from the death and rebirth cycle).<ref name="Mandair2013p145"/><ref>{{cite book|author=H. S. Singha |title=The Encyclopedia of Sikhism |year=2000|publisher=Hemkunt Press|isbn=978-81-7010-301-1 |pages=68, 80}}</ref>
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